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Barbarism (linguistics)
Barbarism refers to a non-standard word, expression or pronunciation in a language,〔Usage note: the term ''barbarism'' is contrasted with ''barbarity'' as the two terms have different meaning. ''Barbarism'' specifically indicates a misuse of language, but also more generally indicates ''culturally lacking in refinement or distinction.'' In contrast, ''barbarity'' indicates ''a severity of cruelty or brutality'' that is generally unacceptable among a civilized people. (See etymology note ''infra'').〕 particularly one regarded as an error in morphology, while a ''solecism'' refers to an error in syntax.〔"Livy's Patavinitas," Kurt Latte, ''Classical Philology'', Vol. 35, No. 1 (Jan., 1940), pp. 56-60〕 The term is used mainly for the written language. With no accepted technical meaning in modern linguistics, the term is little used by descriptive scientists.
==Origin==
The word ''barbarism'' was originally used by the Greeks for foreign terms used in their language. ("Barbarism" is related to the word "barbarian"; the ideophone "bar-bar-bar" was the Ancient Greek equivalent of modern English "blah-blah-blah", meant to sound like gibberish — hence the negative connotation of both ''barbarian'' and ''barbarism'').〔See ''Barbarism'' (etymology) The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000.〕 As such, Anglicisms in other languages, or Gallicisms (such as using the verb ''to assist'' to mean ''to be present at'', cf. the French ''assister''), Germanisms, Hispanisms, and so forth in English can also be construed as examples of barbarisms.
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